![]() These specific R&D strategies have direct impacts on both the technological innovation outputs of iron and steel enterprises and the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry. However, the existing literature has paid insufficient attention to microscopic analysis of the R&D process and rarely detailed the contents of the R&D topic, R&D topic selection behavior, and R&D achievement maintenance strategies of enterprises in specific R&D processes. These research results have reference value for Chinese enterprises, to adjust their R&D strategies, and for the government, to formulate supporting policies. Additionally, the results show that, in terms of R&D topic layout strategy, most enterprises adopted a stable maintenance strategy after quickly completing the layout regarding the R&D focus strategy, most enterprises focused on R&D fields and carried out strategic management for R&D quality control strategy, some enterprises adopted a strategy of prolonging the duration of invention patents, and high-quality outputs with a long lifetime were developed rapidly. The feasibility of the R&D strategy analysis framework was verified. Additionally, empirical research on R&D layout and direction, R&D quality, and the achievement maintenance strategy of enterprises, from both macro and micro perspectives, was conducted. In order to thoroughly investigate the R&D strategies of iron and steel enterprises, an R&D strategy analysis framework based on R&D semantic topic analysis and outlier behavior detection was proposed. R&D strategies play a decisive role in the promotion of enterprise innovation output and innovation ability.
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